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Wikstroemia phillyreifolia

A.Gray (1865)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malvales Family: Thymelaeaceae Genus: Wikstroemia

‘ākia [akia], kauhi

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Low, sprawling, sometimes single stemmed shrubs or bushy trees up to 3 m tall.

Stems: Young branches pubescent or glabrous.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to ovate or suborbicular, rarely obovate, (1–)2–4(–6) cm long, (0.5–)1–2(–3) cm wide. Apex acute or rounded or apex rounded. Base acute or rounded or tapering to base. Surfaces glabrous petioles glabrous or with scattered hairs; blades coriaceous. Margins entire. Pinnately veined. Petioles 1.5 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in peduncles 1–4 mm long, pubescent, with scattered hairs, or glabrous, rachis globose to conical, 1–6 mm long, glabrous to puberulent, pedicels 0.5–2 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect) and unisexual (the plants polygamous), yellow, pilose or glabrous. Calyx tube of staminate flowers 5–11 mm long, outer lobes 2.3–5 mm long, 1–3 mm wide, inner lobes 2–3.7 mm long, 1.5–2.6 mm wide; Calyx tube of pistillate flowers 4–6 mm long, outer lobes 2–4.5 mm long, 1–2.7 mm wide, inner lobes 1.7–3.3 mm long, 1–2.5 mm wide; Calyx tube of perfect flowers 5–7.5 mm long, outer lobes 2–5 mm long, 1.3–3 mm wide, inner lobes 1.5–3 mm long, 1–2.5 mm wide. Corolla (petals) absent. Stamens 8, the lower whorl included, the upper whorl sometimes shortly exserted. Ovary superior, 1-celled; ovules solitary and pendulous.

Fruit: Fruit red; globose; 7–10 mm in diameter. fruit drupaceous. Seeds without endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 18*

Habitat: In open dry forest or shrubland; bare <i>‘a‘ā</i> lava; sometimes in mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 0–2,290 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: J. Bot. 3: 304 (1865)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1288 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kona, N edge of 1859 lava flow open, dry forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20169 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
2 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia down Chain of Craters Rd. ~9 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Rd. Up old Kalapana Trail ~0.3 mi., ~10 m to L of trail, plot 8 Metrosideros, Dicranopteris Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 550 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-23
3 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Wahaula mauka, Puna Coastal plain with Dodoioea, Osteorueles, Reynoldsea hiller., etc Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35081 Hawaii BISH 1980-12-29
4 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia S.Kona open pahoehoe, aa slope; Styphelia, Vaccinium heath Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 22 Hawaii BISH 1950-11-13
5 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Pohakuloa, Hamakua, proposed extension, area 1 pahoehoe, slope convoluted; Metrosideros polymorpha, Dodonaea viscosa, Styphelia tameiameiae Preserved_Specimen Douglas, P. 3505 Hawaii BISH 1990-01-31
6 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia down Chain of Craters Rd. ~10.4 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Rd. NW of highway, ~35 m, plot 34 Metrosideros, native shrub, Andropogon Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 821 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-23
7 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia N of Papaloa, Capt. Cook, Kona forest, aa lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20375 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-14
8 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia SSE of 27 Miles, Keaau Forest, Puna Open Cibotium-Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31547 Hawaii BISH 1966-05-08
9 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia 6 mi S of Manuka Park aa lava in dry, open Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 945 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-23
10 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia down Kona-Hilo Hwy. ~0.8 mi from Park enterance, just past Sulfur Banks; small ridge SW of highway, plot 52 Metrosideros, Sadleria, Dicranopteris forest on ash covered pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 609 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-27
11 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Site off Bobcat Trail, ca 3.2 km SW of intersection with Horizontal Trail Intermediate Metrosideros mixed treeland; gentle to moderate slopes; pahoehoe substrate; associates Metrosideros polymorpha, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum paniculatum var. pilgeri Preserved_Specimen Close, B. 11945 Hawaii BISH 1994-11-10
12 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Located down Chain of Craters Rd. ~4.7 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Rd., plot 35 Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Andropogen; open Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 917 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-27
13 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia N of Papaloa, Capt. Cook, Kona forest, aa lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20375 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-14
14 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia along Hwy. 11, E of Kona, 20 mi from Volcano House lava flow, with Dodonaea Preserved_Specimen Gupta, S. 317 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-01
15 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia N. Kona, Keauhou, NW slope of Mauna Loa, 1-3 km E of Lupea Kipuka dry manane, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1809 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-14
16 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Saddle road, growing 100' from road to Mauna Loa observatory, Scrub vegetation: Styphelia, Vaccinium, Metrosideros, Coprosma ernodeoides and Machaerina. Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 527 Hawaii BISH 1981-06-15
17 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kau Dist.; Honomalino, transect for TNC survey Metrosideros lowland mesic forest. Assoc. plants: Pisonia sandwicensis, Wikstroemia, Psychotria hawaiiensis var. hawaiiensis & var. hillebrandii, Flueggea, Cyrtandra menziesii, Cyrtomium caryotideum & C. falcatum, Hedyotis acuminata, Stenogyne, Melicope, Pteris, Microlepia strigosa, Pittosporum hosmeri & P. hawaiiense. Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 1519 Hawaii BISH 1991-12-18
18 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia N slope of Hualalai forest on aa Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 637 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-23
19 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia 5 mi SE of Kilauea Crater along Chain of Craters Road with Metrosideros, Coprosma, Sadleria Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4078 Hawaii BISH 1969-08-06
20 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Volcano National Park, ~0.5 mi W of Kilauea Military Camp on Crater Rim Drive open lava flow Preserved_Specimen Crosby, M.R. 1957 Hawaii BISH 1964-08-04
21 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea, Bird Park grassy Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10337 Hawaii BISH 1929-07-09
22 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia N edge of 1859 lava flow, Kona dry, open forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20169 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
23 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kau Desert, 15 mi W of Volcano House grassy, lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10355 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-25
24 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kona, N edge of 1859 lava flow open, dry forest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20169 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
25 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kau Desert, 15 mi W of Volcano House grassy lava Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10355 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-25
26 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kau, SW slope of Mauna Loa, 1-1.5 km E of 1887 flow and Kipukas Kepunoi and Mamane mesic ohia forest, native trees and shrubs, exotic grass and shrub; on aa/ash substrate Preserved_Specimen Warshauer, F.R. 1998 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-18
27 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Pahala, 15 mi from Hilo scrub Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27517 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-11
28 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kona, Kaumalumalu, above 2nd gate on Bishop Estate land open Metrosideros scrub, with Deschampsia, Gahnia, Luzula, Machaerina, Styphelia, Vaccinium, lichens Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 1679 Hawaii BISH 1970-07-06
29 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia E of Kilauea-iki, Kau desert Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10357 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-16
30 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Keauhou 2 Ahupuaa, W slope of Mauna Loa, heading WNW from ca 1.3 km N of Kohalapilau toward Highway 11. Transect 62, Station 33. Dry ohia forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Preserved_Specimen Jacobi, J.D. 1056 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-02
31 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Belt road near west entrance of Haw. Volc. Nat. Park Open range on old lava flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 35265 Hawaii BISH 1981-05-05
32 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia down Chain of Craters Rd. ~4.7 mi toward Kalapana from intersection with Crater Rim Rd., plot 35 Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Andropogon; open Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 916 Hawaii BISH 1967-01-27
33 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia down Crater Rim Rd. ~15 m toward Volcano Observatory from short strip connecting Crater Rim Rd. and Kona-Hilo Hwy; ~40 m to R from 35mph sign, plot 50 Metrosideros, native shrub, lichen on ash covered pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Newell, C.L. 453 Hawaii BISH 1966-08-19
34 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia E of Kilauea-iki aa lava desert Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10360 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-17
35 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia along Chain of Craters Rd. at Makaopuhi lookout with Metrosideros, Styphelia Preserved_Specimen Gupta, S. 314 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-01
36 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia 6 mi S of Manuka Park aa lava in dry, open Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 945 Hawaii BISH 1968-02-23
37 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kau Desert, 25 mi W of Volcano House rocky pasture Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 10356 Hawaii BISH 1926-07-22
38 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia along Kona Rd. a few miles SW of Kilauea dry Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3868 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-18
39 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea dry, rocky Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8768 Hawaii BISH 1911-04-01
40 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 496 Hawaii BISH 1922-09-12
41 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea, Pauahi Crater Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 3310 Hawaii BISH 1938-09-17
42 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Volcano National Park Preserved_Specimen Gupta, S. 133 Hawaii BISH 1968-08-01
43 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kapapila Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1937 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-20
44 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 222 Hawaii BISH 1851-01-01
45 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Range Paddock, Kawaihae, Waimea, S. Kohala Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 2232 Hawaii BISH 1938-06-08
46 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Between Kilauea and Kapapala Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1890 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-20
47 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kamehaha, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 268 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
48 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia plateau between Waimea and Mauna Kea, road to Waikii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8326 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
49 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia near Pahaia along Hwy. 11; 51 mi S of Hilo Preserved_Specimen Gupta, S. 318 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-01
50 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kau Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1895 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-20
51 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kaalapuwale, Kona Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 282 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-29
52 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia on plateau between Waimea and Mauna Kea, road to Waikii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8326 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
53 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea-iki Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 1899 Hawaii BISH 1926-09-21
54 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 304 Hawaii BISH 1864-01-01
55 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Volcano area of HVNP Preserved_Specimen Annesley, R. 15980 Hawaii BISH 1981-10-12
56 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Volcano National Park, Kau, near end of road leading from Hilina Pali toward park Preserved_Specimen Herat, T. 813 Hawaii BISH 1974-06-27
57 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Hualalai Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 304 Hawaii BISH 1864-01-01
58 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Volcano Kilauea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. Hawaii BISH 1908-09-01
59 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea, trail to crater from volcano house Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1927-08-03
60 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kilauea Summer Camp Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Hawaii BISH 1927-07-28
61 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia West of Great Crater Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Hawaii BISH
62 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Near the Great Crater Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Hawaii BISH 1840-01-01
63 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia upper Kaumana, secondary 1881 lava flow Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27514 Hawaii BISH 1961-07-09
64 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Kamoamoa, Puna Distr. Preserved_Specimen Nagata, K.M. 2945 Hawaii BISH 1984-06-07
65 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Puu Papapa, Parker Ranch Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5304 Hawaii BISH 1984-02-29
66 Wikstroemia phillyreifolia Hawaii Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8768 Hawaii BISH 1911-04-01
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